/*
   Copyright The containerd Authors.

   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.
*/

package erofs

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/rand"
	"encoding/base64"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/containerd/continuity/fs"
	"github.com/containerd/errdefs"
	"github.com/containerd/log"
	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
	ocispec "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"

	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/content"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/diff"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/images"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/core/mount"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/internal/erofsutils"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/pkg/archive"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/pkg/archive/compression"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/pkg/epoch"
	"github.com/containerd/containerd/v2/pkg/labels"
)

var emptyDesc = ocispec.Descriptor{}

type differ interface {
	diff.Applier
	diff.Comparer
}

// erofsDiff does erofs comparison and application
type erofsDiff struct {
	store         content.Store
	mkfsExtraOpts []string
}

func NewErofsDiffer(store content.Store, mkfsExtraOpts []string) differ {
	return &erofsDiff{
		store:         store,
		mkfsExtraOpts: mkfsExtraOpts,
	}
}

// A valid EROFS native layer media type should end with ".erofs".
//
// Please avoid using any +suffix to list the algorithms used inside EROFS
// blobs, since:
//   - Each EROFS layer can use multiple compression algorithms;
//   - The suffixes should only indicate the corresponding preprocessor for
//     `images.DiffCompression`.
//
// Since `images.DiffCompression` doesn't support arbitrary media types,
// disallow non-empty suffixes for now.
func isErofsMediaType(mt string) bool {
	mediaType, _, hasExt := strings.Cut(mt, "+")
	if hasExt {
		return false
	}
	return strings.HasSuffix(mediaType, ".erofs")
}

func writeDiff(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, lower []mount.Mount, upperRoot string) error {
	var opts []archive.ChangeWriterOpt

	return mount.WithTempMount(ctx, lower, func(lowerRoot string) error {
		cw := archive.NewChangeWriter(w, upperRoot, opts...)
		err := fs.DiffDirChanges(ctx, lowerRoot, upperRoot, fs.DiffSourceOverlayFS, cw.HandleChange)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create diff tar stream: %w", err)
		}
		return cw.Close()
	})
}

// Compare creates a diff between the given mounts and uploads the result
// to the content store.
func (s erofsDiff) Compare(ctx context.Context, lower, upper []mount.Mount, opts ...diff.Opt) (d ocispec.Descriptor, err error) {
	layer, err := erofsutils.MountsToLayer(upper)
	if err != nil {
		return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("unsupported layer for erofsDiff Compare method: %w", err)
	}

	var config diff.Config
	for _, opt := range opts {
		if err := opt(&config); err != nil {
			return emptyDesc, err
		}
	}
	if tm := epoch.FromContext(ctx); tm != nil && config.SourceDateEpoch == nil {
		config.SourceDateEpoch = tm
	}

	if config.MediaType == "" {
		config.MediaType = ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayerGzip
	}

	var compressionType compression.Compression
	switch config.MediaType {
	case ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer:
		compressionType = compression.Uncompressed
	case ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayerGzip:
		compressionType = compression.Gzip
	case ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayerZstd:
		compressionType = compression.Zstd
	default:
		return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("unsupported diff media type: %v: %w", config.MediaType, errdefs.ErrNotImplemented)
	}

	var newReference bool
	if config.Reference == "" {
		newReference = true
		config.Reference = uniqueRef()
	}

	cw, err := s.store.Writer(ctx,
		content.WithRef(config.Reference),
		content.WithDescriptor(ocispec.Descriptor{
			MediaType: config.MediaType, // most contentstore implementations just ignore this
		}))
	if err != nil {
		return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("failed to open writer: %w", err)
	}

	// errOpen is set when an error occurs while the content writer has not been
	// committed or closed yet to force a cleanup
	var errOpen error
	defer func() {
		if errOpen != nil {
			cw.Close()
			if newReference {
				if abortErr := s.store.Abort(ctx, config.Reference); abortErr != nil {
					log.G(ctx).WithError(abortErr).WithField("ref", config.Reference).Warnf("failed to delete diff upload")
				}
			}
		}
	}()
	if !newReference {
		if errOpen = cw.Truncate(0); errOpen != nil {
			return emptyDesc, errOpen
		}
	}

	upperRoot := filepath.Join(layer, "fs")
	if compressionType != compression.Uncompressed {
		dgstr := digest.SHA256.Digester()
		var compressed io.WriteCloser
		if config.Compressor != nil {
			compressed, errOpen = config.Compressor(cw, config.MediaType)
			if errOpen != nil {
				return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("failed to get compressed stream: %w", errOpen)
			}
		} else {
			compressed, errOpen = compression.CompressStream(cw, compressionType)
			if errOpen != nil {
				return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("failed to get compressed stream: %w", errOpen)
			}
		}
		errOpen = writeDiff(ctx, io.MultiWriter(compressed, dgstr.Hash()), lower, upperRoot)
		compressed.Close()
		if errOpen != nil {
			return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("failed to write compressed diff: %w", errOpen)
		}

		if config.Labels == nil {
			config.Labels = map[string]string{}
		}
		config.Labels[labels.LabelUncompressed] = dgstr.Digest().String()
	} else {
		err := writeDiff(ctx, cw, lower, upperRoot)
		if err != nil {
			return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("failed to create diff tar stream: %w", err)
		}
	}

	var commitopts []content.Opt
	if config.Labels != nil {
		commitopts = append(commitopts, content.WithLabels(config.Labels))
	}

	dgst := cw.Digest()
	if errOpen = cw.Commit(ctx, 0, dgst, commitopts...); errOpen != nil {
		if !errdefs.IsAlreadyExists(errOpen) {
			return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("failed to commit: %w", errOpen)
		}
		errOpen = nil
	}

	info, err := s.store.Info(ctx, dgst)
	if err != nil {
		return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("failed to get info from content store: %w", err)
	}
	if info.Labels == nil {
		info.Labels = make(map[string]string)
	}
	// Set "containerd.io/uncompressed" label if digest already existed without label
	if _, ok := info.Labels[labels.LabelUncompressed]; !ok {
		info.Labels[labels.LabelUncompressed] = config.Labels[labels.LabelUncompressed]
		if _, err := s.store.Update(ctx, info, "labels."+labels.LabelUncompressed); err != nil {
			return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("error setting uncompressed label: %w", err)
		}
	}

	return ocispec.Descriptor{
		MediaType: config.MediaType,
		Size:      info.Size,
		Digest:    info.Digest,
	}, nil
}

func (s erofsDiff) Apply(ctx context.Context, desc ocispec.Descriptor, mounts []mount.Mount, opts ...diff.ApplyOpt) (d ocispec.Descriptor, err error) {
	t1 := time.Now()
	defer func() {
		if err == nil {
			log.G(ctx).WithFields(log.Fields{
				"d":      time.Since(t1),
				"digest": desc.Digest,
				"size":   desc.Size,
				"media":  desc.MediaType,
			}).Debugf("diff applied")
		}
	}()

	native := false
	if isErofsMediaType(desc.MediaType) {
		native = true
	} else if _, err := images.DiffCompression(ctx, desc.MediaType); err != nil {
		return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("currently unsupported media type: %s", desc.MediaType)
	}

	var config diff.ApplyConfig
	for _, o := range opts {
		if err := o(ctx, desc, &config); err != nil {
			return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("failed to apply config opt: %w", err)
		}
	}

	layer, err := erofsutils.MountsToLayer(mounts)
	if err != nil {
		return emptyDesc, err
	}

	ra, err := s.store.ReaderAt(ctx, desc)
	if err != nil {
		return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("failed to get reader from content store: %w", err)
	}
	defer ra.Close()

	layerBlobPath := path.Join(layer, "layer.erofs")
	if native {
		f, err := os.Create(layerBlobPath)
		if err != nil {
			return emptyDesc, err
		}
		_, err = io.Copy(f, content.NewReader(ra))
		f.Close()
		if err != nil {
			return emptyDesc, err
		}
		return desc, nil
	}

	processor := diff.NewProcessorChain(desc.MediaType, content.NewReader(ra))
	for {
		if processor, err = diff.GetProcessor(ctx, processor, config.ProcessorPayloads); err != nil {
			return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("failed to get stream processor for %s: %w", desc.MediaType, err)
		}
		if processor.MediaType() == ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer {
			break
		}
	}
	defer processor.Close()

	digester := digest.Canonical.Digester()
	rc := &readCounter{
		r: io.TeeReader(processor, digester.Hash()),
	}

	err = erofsutils.ConvertTarErofs(ctx, rc, layerBlobPath, s.mkfsExtraOpts)
	if err != nil {
		return emptyDesc, fmt.Errorf("failed to convert erofs: %w", err)
	}

	// Read any trailing data
	if _, err := io.Copy(io.Discard, rc); err != nil {
		return emptyDesc, err
	}

	return ocispec.Descriptor{
		MediaType: ocispec.MediaTypeImageLayer,
		Size:      rc.c,
		Digest:    digester.Digest(),
	}, nil
}

type readCounter struct {
	r io.Reader
	c int64
}

func (rc *readCounter) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	n, err = rc.r.Read(p)
	rc.c += int64(n)
	return
}

func uniqueRef() string {
	t := time.Now()
	var b [3]byte
	// Ignore read failures, just decreases uniqueness
	rand.Read(b[:])
	return fmt.Sprintf("%d-%s", t.UnixNano(), base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(b[:]))
}
