 /*
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Image Power, Inc. and the University of
 *   British Columbia.
 * Copyright (c) 2001-2002 Michael David Adams.
 * All rights reserved.
 */

/* __START_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
 * 
 * JasPer Software License
 * 
 * IMAGE POWER JPEG-2000 PUBLIC LICENSE
 * ************************************
 * 
 * GRANT:
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person (the "User")
 * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation, to deal
 * in the JasPer Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the right to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the JasPer Software (in source and binary forms),
 * and to permit persons to whom the JasPer Software is furnished to do so,
 * provided further that the License Conditions below are met.
 * 
 * License Conditions
 * ******************
 * 
 * A.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 * and this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
 * 
 * B.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, and this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in
 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 
 * C.  Neither the name of Image Power, Inc. nor any other contributor
 * (including, but not limited to, the University of British Columbia and
 * Michael David Adams) may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 * from this software without specific prior written permission.
 * 
 * D.  User agrees that it shall not commence any action against Image Power,
 * Inc., the University of British Columbia, Michael David Adams, or any
 * other contributors (collectively "Licensors") for infringement of any
 * intellectual property rights ("IPR") held by the User in respect of any
 * technology that User owns or has a right to license or sublicense and
 * which is an element required in order to claim compliance with ISO/IEC
 * 15444-1 (i.e., JPEG-2000 Part 1).  "IPR" means all intellectual property
 * rights worldwide arising under statutory or common law, and whether
 * or not perfected, including, without limitation, all (i) patents and
 * patent applications owned or licensable by User; (ii) rights associated
 * with works of authorship including copyrights, copyright applications,
 * copyright registrations, mask work rights, mask work applications,
 * mask work registrations; (iii) rights relating to the protection of
 * trade secrets and confidential information; (iv) any right analogous
 * to those set forth in subsections (i), (ii), or (iii) and any other
 * proprietary rights relating to intangible property (other than trademark,
 * trade dress, or service mark rights); and (v) divisions, continuations,
 * renewals, reissues and extensions of the foregoing (as and to the extent
 * applicable) now existing, hereafter filed, issued or acquired.
 * 
 * E.  If User commences an infringement action against any Licensor(s) then
 * such Licensor(s) shall have the right to terminate User's license and
 * all sublicenses that have been granted hereunder by User to other parties.
 * 
 * F.  This software is for use only in hardware or software products that
 * are compliant with ISO/IEC 15444-1 (i.e., JPEG-2000 Part 1).  No license
 * or right to this Software is granted for products that do not comply
 * with ISO/IEC 15444-1.  The JPEG-2000 Part 1 standard can be purchased
 * from the ISO.
 * 
 * THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE.
 * NO USE OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER
 * THIS DISCLAIMER.  THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE LICENSORS AND
 * CONTRIBUTORS UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN ``AS-IS'' BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTY
 * OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
 * WARRANTIES THAT THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS FREE OF DEFECTS, IS MERCHANTABLE,
 * IS FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR IS NON-INFRINGING.  THOSE INTENDING
 * TO USE THE JASPER SOFTWARE OR MODIFICATIONS THEREOF FOR USE IN HARDWARE
 * OR SOFTWARE PRODUCTS ARE ADVISED THAT THEIR USE MAY INFRINGE EXISTING
 * PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
 * THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE
 * IS WITH THE USER.  SHOULD ANY PART OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE
 * IN ANY RESPECT, THE USER (AND NOT THE INITIAL DEVELOPERS, THE UNIVERSITY
 * OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, IMAGE POWER, INC., MICHAEL DAVID ADAMS, OR ANY
 * OTHER CONTRIBUTOR) SHALL ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY SERVICING,
 * REPAIR OR CORRECTION.  UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY,
 * WHETHER TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL THE
 * INITIAL DEVELOPER, THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, IMAGE POWER, INC.,
 * MICHAEL DAVID ADAMS, ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF THE
 * JASPER SOFTWARE, OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES, BE LIABLE TO
 * THE USER OR ANY OTHER PERSON FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
 * DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR
 * MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, EVEN IF
 * SUCH PARTY HAD BEEN INFORMED, OR OUGHT TO HAVE KNOWN, OF THE POSSIBILITY
 * OF SUCH DAMAGES.  THE JASPER SOFTWARE AND UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGY ARE NOT
 * FAULT-TOLERANT AND ARE NOT DESIGNED, MANUFACTURED OR INTENDED FOR USE OR
 * RESALE AS ON-LINE CONTROL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRING
 * FAIL-SAFE PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES,
 * AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, DIRECT
 * LIFE SUPPORT MACHINES, OR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE
 * JASPER SOFTWARE OR UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGY OR PRODUCT COULD LEAD DIRECTLY
 * TO DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
 * ("HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES").  LICENSOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.  USER WILL NOT
 * KNOWINGLY USE, DISTRIBUTE OR RESELL THE JASPER SOFTWARE OR UNDERLYING
 * TECHNOLOGY OR PRODUCTS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES AND WILL ENSURE THAT ITS
 * CUSTOMERS AND END-USERS OF ITS PRODUCTS ARE PROVIDED WITH A COPY OF THE
 * NOTICE SPECIFIED IN THIS SECTION.
 * 
 * __END_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
 */

/*
 * Tier 1 Encoder
 *
 * $Id$
 */

/******************************************************************************\
* Includes.
\******************************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include "netpbm/nstring.h"

#include "jasper/jas_fix.h"
#include "jasper/jas_malloc.h"
#include "jasper/jas_math.h"

#include "jpc_t1enc.h"
#include "jpc_t1cod.h"
#include "jpc_enc.h"
#include "jpc_cod.h"
#include "jpc_math.h"

static int jpc_encsigpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, int orient, int,
  jas_matrix_t *flags, jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

static int jpc_encrefpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, int, jas_matrix_t *flags,
  jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

static int jpc_encclnpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, int orient, int,
  int, jas_matrix_t *flags, jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

static int jpc_encrawsigpass(jpc_bitstream_t *out, int bitpos, int,
  jas_matrix_t *flags, jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

static int jpc_encrawrefpass(jpc_bitstream_t *out, int bitpos, int,
  jas_matrix_t *flags, jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

/*****************************************************************************\
* Code for encoding code blocks.
\*****************************************************************************/

static void
encodeBlocksOfPrecinct(jpc_enc_prc_t *   const prcP,
                       jpc_enc_band_t *  const bandP,
                       jpc_enc_tcmpt_t * const tcmptP,
                       jpc_enc_t *       const encoderP,
                       const char **     const errorP) {

    if (prcP->cblks) {
        int bmx;
        uint_fast32_t cblkno;

        for (cblkno = 0, bmx = 0; cblkno < prcP->numcblks; ++ cblkno) {
            jpc_enc_cblk_t * const cblkP = &prcP->cblks[cblkno];

            int mx;
            uint_fast32_t row;

            for (row = 0, mx = 0;
                 row < jas_matrix_numrows(cblkP->data);
                 ++row) {

                uint_fast32_t col;

                for (col = 0; col < jas_matrix_numcols(cblkP->data); ++col) {
                    int const v = abs(jas_matrix_get(cblkP->data, row, col));
                    if (v > mx)
                        mx = v;
                }
            }
            if (mx > bmx)
                bmx = mx;

            cblkP->numbps = MAX(jpc_firstone(mx) + 1 - JPC_NUMEXTRABITS, 0);
        }

        for (cblkno = 0; cblkno < prcP->numcblks; ++ cblkno) {
            jpc_enc_cblk_t * const cblkP = &prcP->cblks[cblkno];

            assert(cblkP->numbps <= bandP->numbps);
        }

        for (cblkno = 0, *errorP = NULL;
             cblkno < prcP->numcblks && !*errorP;
             ++ cblkno) {

            jpc_enc_cblk_t * const cblkP = &prcP->cblks[cblkno];

            int rc;

            rc = jpc_enc_enccblk(encoderP,
                                 cblkP->stream, tcmptP, bandP, cblkP);
            if (rc != 0)
                pm_asprintf(errorP, "Encoding failed on code block %u "
                            "of %u", (unsigned)cblkno,
                            (unsigned)prcP->numcblks);
        }
    } else
        *errorP = NULL;
}



int
jpc_enc_enccblks(jpc_enc_t * const encoderP) {
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Encode all of the code blocks associated with the current tile.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
    jpc_enc_tile_t * const tileP = encoderP->curtile;

    uint_fast32_t cmptno;

    for (cmptno = 0; cmptno < tileP->numtcmpts; ++cmptno) {
        jpc_enc_tcmpt_t * const tcmptP = &tileP->tcmpts[cmptno];

        unsigned int lvlno;
        for (lvlno = 0; lvlno < tcmptP->numrlvls; ++ lvlno) {
            jpc_enc_rlvl_t * const lvlP = &tcmptP->rlvls[lvlno];

            if (lvlP->bands) {
                uint_fast32_t bandno;

                for (bandno = 0; bandno < lvlP->numbands; ++bandno) {
                    jpc_enc_band_t * const bandP = &lvlP->bands[bandno];

                    if (bandP->data) {
                        uint_fast32_t prcno;

                        for (prcno = 0; prcno < lvlP->numprcs; ++prcno) {

                            const char * error;

                            encodeBlocksOfPrecinct(&bandP->prcs[prcno],
                                                   bandP,
                                                   tcmptP,
                                                   encoderP,
                                                   &error);

                            if (error) {
                                pm_strfree(error);
                                return -1;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}



static int getthebyte(jas_stream_t *in, long off)
{
    int c;
    long oldpos;
    oldpos = jas_stream_tell(in);
    assert(oldpos >= 0);
    jas_stream_seek(in, off, SEEK_SET);
    c = jas_stream_peekc(in);
    jas_stream_seek(in, oldpos, SEEK_SET);
    return c;
}



int
jpc_enc_enccblk(jpc_enc_t *enc, jas_stream_t *out, jpc_enc_tcmpt_t *tcmpt,
                jpc_enc_band_t *band, jpc_enc_cblk_t *cblk) {
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Encode a single code block.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
    jpc_enc_pass_t *pass;
    jpc_enc_pass_t *endpasses;
    int bitpos;
    int n;
    int adjust;
    int passtype;
    int t;
    jpc_bitstream_t *bout;
    jpc_enc_pass_t *termpass;
    int vcausal;
    int segsym;
    int termmode;
    int c;

    bout = 0;

    cblk->stream = jas_stream_memopen(0, 0);
    assert(cblk->stream);
    cblk->mqenc = jpc_mqenc_create(JPC_NUMCTXS, cblk->stream);
    assert(cblk->mqenc);
    jpc_mqenc_setctxs(cblk->mqenc, JPC_NUMCTXS, jpc_mqctxs);

    cblk->numpasses = (cblk->numbps > 0) ? (3 * cblk->numbps - 2) : 0;
    if (cblk->numpasses > 0) {
        cblk->passes = jas_malloc(cblk->numpasses * sizeof(jpc_enc_pass_t));
        assert(cblk->passes);
    } else {
        cblk->passes = 0;
    }
    endpasses = &cblk->passes[cblk->numpasses];
    for (pass = cblk->passes; pass != endpasses; ++pass) {
        pass->start = 0;
        pass->end = 0;
        pass->term =
            JPC_ISTERMINATED(pass - cblk->passes, 0,
                             cblk->numpasses,
                             (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_TERMALL) != 0,
                             (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_LAZY) != 0);
        pass->type = JPC_SEGTYPE(pass - cblk->passes, 0,
                                 (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_LAZY) != 0);
        pass->lyrno = -1;
        if (pass == endpasses - 1) {
            assert(pass->term == 1);
            pass->term = 1;
        }
    }

    cblk->flags = jas_matrix_create(jas_matrix_numrows(cblk->data) + 2,
      jas_matrix_numcols(cblk->data) + 2);
    assert(cblk->flags);


    bitpos = cblk->numbps - 1;
    pass = cblk->passes;
    n = cblk->numpasses;
    while (--n >= 0) {

        if (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) {
            /* NOP */
        } else {
            assert(pass->type == JPC_SEG_RAW);
            if (!bout) {
                bout = jpc_bitstream_sopen(cblk->stream, "w");
                assert(bout);
            }
        }

#if 1
        passtype = (pass - cblk->passes + 2) % 3;
#else
        passtype = JPC_PASSTYPE(pass - cblk->passes + 2);
#endif
        pass->start = jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream);
#if 0
assert(jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream) == jas_stream_getrwcount(cblk->stream));
#endif
        assert(bitpos >= 0);
        vcausal = (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_VSC) != 0;
        segsym = (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_SEGSYM) != 0;
        if (pass->term) {
            termmode = ((tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_PTERM) ?
              JPC_MQENC_PTERM : JPC_MQENC_DEFTERM) + 1;
        } else {
            termmode = 0;
        }
        switch (passtype) {
        case JPC_SIGPASS:
            if (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ)
            jpc_encsigpass(cblk->mqenc,
                           bitpos, band->orient, vcausal, cblk->flags,
                           cblk->data, termmode, &pass->nmsedec);
            else
                jpc_encrawsigpass(bout, bitpos, vcausal, cblk->flags,
                                  cblk->data, termmode, &pass->nmsedec);
            break;
        case JPC_REFPASS:
            if (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ)
            jpc_encrefpass(
                cblk->mqenc,
                bitpos, vcausal, cblk->flags, cblk->data, termmode,
                &pass->nmsedec);
            else
                jpc_encrawrefpass(bout, bitpos,
                                  vcausal, cblk->flags, cblk->data, termmode,
                                  &pass->nmsedec);
            break;
        case JPC_CLNPASS:
            assert(pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ);
            jpc_encclnpass(
                cblk->mqenc, bitpos, band->orient,
                vcausal, segsym, cblk->flags, cblk->data, termmode,
                &pass->nmsedec);
            break;
        default:
            assert(false);
            break;
        }

        if (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) {
            if (pass->term) {
                jpc_mqenc_init(cblk->mqenc);
            }
            jpc_mqenc_getstate(cblk->mqenc, &pass->mqencstate);
            pass->end = jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream);
            if (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_RESET) {
                jpc_mqenc_setctxs(cblk->mqenc, JPC_NUMCTXS, jpc_mqctxs);
            }
        } else {
            if (pass->term) {
                if (jpc_bitstream_pending(bout)) {
                    jpc_bitstream_outalign(bout, 0x2a);
                }
                jpc_bitstream_close(bout);
                bout = 0;
                pass->end = jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream);
            } else {
                pass->end = jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream) +
                  jpc_bitstream_pending(bout);
                /* NOTE - This will not work.  need to adjust by # of pending
                   output bytes
                */
            }
        }
#if 0
    /* XXX - This assertion fails sometimes when various coding modes are used.
       This seems to be harmless, but why does it happen at all? */
        assert(jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream) == 
               jas_stream_getrwcount(cblk->stream));
#endif

        pass->wmsedec = jpc_fixtodbl(band->rlvl->tcmpt->synweight) *
          jpc_fixtodbl(band->rlvl->tcmpt->synweight) *
          jpc_fixtodbl(band->synweight) *
          jpc_fixtodbl(band->synweight) *
          jpc_fixtodbl(band->absstepsize) * jpc_fixtodbl(band->absstepsize) *
          ((double) (1 << bitpos)) * ((double)(1 << bitpos)) *
          jpc_fixtodbl(pass->nmsedec);
        pass->cumwmsedec = pass->wmsedec;
        if (pass != cblk->passes) {
            pass->cumwmsedec += pass[-1].cumwmsedec;
        }
        if (passtype == JPC_CLNPASS) {
            --bitpos;
        }
        ++pass;
    }

#if 0
    dump_passes(cblk->passes, cblk->numpasses, cblk);
#endif

    n = 0;
    endpasses = &cblk->passes[cblk->numpasses];
    for (pass = cblk->passes; pass != endpasses; ++pass) {
        if (pass->start < n) {
            pass->start = n;
        }
        if (pass->end < n) {
            pass->end = n;
        }
        if (!pass->term) {
            termpass = pass;
            while (termpass - pass < cblk->numpasses &&
              !termpass->term) {
                ++termpass;
            }
            if (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) {
                t = (pass->mqencstate.lastbyte == 0xff) ? 1 : 0;
                if (pass->mqencstate.ctreg >= 5) {
                    adjust = 4 + t;
                } else {
                    adjust = 5 + t;
                }
                pass->end += adjust;
            }
            if (pass->end > termpass->end) {
                pass->end = termpass->end;
            }
            if ((c = getthebyte(cblk->stream, pass->end - 1)) == EOF) {
                abort();
            }
            if (c == 0xff) {
                ++pass->end;
            }
            n = JAS_MAX(n, pass->end);
        } else {
            n = JAS_MAX(n, pass->end);
        }
    }

#if 0
    dump_passes(cblk->passes, cblk->numpasses, cblk);
#endif

    if (bout) {
        jpc_bitstream_close(bout);
    }

    return 0;
}



/*****************************************************************************\
* Code for significance pass.
\*****************************************************************************/

#define sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec, orient, mqenc, vcausalflag) \
{ \
    int f; \
    int v; \
    f = *(fp); \
    if ((f & JPC_OTHSIGMSK) && !(f & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT))) { \
        v = (abs(*(dp)) & (one)) ? 1 : 0; \
        jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_GETZCCTXNO(f, (orient))); \
        jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, v); \
        if (v) { \
            *(nmsedec) += JPC_GETSIGNMSEDEC(abs(*(dp)), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
            v = ((*(dp) < 0) ? 1 : 0); \
            jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_GETSCCTXNO(f)); \
            jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, v ^ JPC_GETSPB(f)); \
            JPC_UPDATEFLAGS4(fp, frowstep, v, vcausalflag); \
            *(fp) |= JPC_SIG; \
        } \
        *(fp) |= JPC_VISIT; \
    } \
}

static int jpc_encsigpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, int orient, int vcausalflag,
  jas_matrix_t *flags, jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec)
{
    int i;
    int j;
    int one;
    int vscanlen;
    int width;
    int height;
    int frowstep;
    int drowstep;
    int fstripestep;
    int dstripestep;
    jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
    jpc_fix_t *dstripestart;
    jpc_fix_t *fp;
    jpc_fix_t *dp;
    jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;
    jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart;
    int k;

    *nmsedec = 0;
    width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
    height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
    frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
    drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
    fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
    dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

    one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

    fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
    dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
    for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
      dstripestart += dstripestep) {
        fvscanstart = fstripestart;
        dvscanstart = dstripestart;
        vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
        for (j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {
            fp = fvscanstart;
            dp = dvscanstart;
            k = vscanlen;

            sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
              nmsedec, orient, mqenc, vcausalflag);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;
            sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
              nmsedec, orient, mqenc, 0);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;
            sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
              nmsedec, orient, mqenc, 0);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;
            sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
              nmsedec, orient, mqenc, 0);

        }
    }

    if (term) {
        jpc_mqenc_flush(mqenc, term - 1);
    }

    return jpc_mqenc_error(mqenc) ? (-1) : 0;
}

#define rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec, out, vcausalflag) \
{ \
    jpc_fix_t f = *(fp); \
    jpc_fix_t v; \
    if ((f & JPC_OTHSIGMSK) && !(f & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT))) { \
        v = (abs(*(dp)) & (one)) ? 1 : 0; \
        if ((jpc_bitstream_putbit((out), v)) == EOF) { \
            return -1; \
        } \
        if (v) { \
            *(nmsedec) += JPC_GETSIGNMSEDEC(abs(*(dp)), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
            v = ((*(dp) < 0) ? 1 : 0); \
            if (jpc_bitstream_putbit(out, v) == EOF) { \
                return -1; \
            } \
            JPC_UPDATEFLAGS4(fp, frowstep, v, vcausalflag); \
            *(fp) |= JPC_SIG; \
        } \
        *(fp) |= JPC_VISIT; \
    } \
}

static int jpc_encrawsigpass(jpc_bitstream_t *out, int bitpos, int vcausalflag, jas_matrix_t *flags,
  jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec)
{
    int i;
    int j;
    int k;
    int one;
    int vscanlen;
    int width;
    int height;
    int frowstep;
    int drowstep;
    int fstripestep;
    int dstripestep;
    jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
    jpc_fix_t *dstripestart;
    jpc_fix_t *fp;
    jpc_fix_t *dp;
    jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;
    jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart;

    *nmsedec = 0;
    width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
    height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
    frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
    drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
    fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
    dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

    one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

    fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
    dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
    for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
      dstripestart += dstripestep) {
        fvscanstart = fstripestart;
        dvscanstart = dstripestart;
        vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
        for (j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {
            fp = fvscanstart;
            dp = dvscanstart;
            k = vscanlen;

            rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
              nmsedec, out, vcausalflag);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;

            rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
              nmsedec, out, 0);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;

            rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
              nmsedec, out, 0);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;

            rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
              nmsedec, out, 0);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;

        }
    }

    if (term) {
        jpc_bitstream_outalign(out, 0x2a);
    }

    return 0;
}

/******************************************************************************\
* Code for refinement pass.
\******************************************************************************/

#define refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec, mqenc, vcausalflag) \
{ \
    int v; \
    if (((*(fp)) & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT)) == JPC_SIG) { \
        (d) = *(dp); \
        *(nmsedec) += JPC_GETREFNMSEDEC(abs(d), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
        jpc_mqenc_setcurctx((mqenc), JPC_GETMAGCTXNO(*(fp))); \
        v = (abs(d) & (one)) ? 1 : 0; \
        jpc_mqenc_putbit((mqenc), v); \
        *(fp) |= JPC_REFINE; \
    } \
}

static int jpc_encrefpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, int vcausalflag, jas_matrix_t *flags, jas_matrix_t *data,
  int term, long *nmsedec)
{
    int i;
    int j;
    int one;
    int vscanlen;
    int d;
    int width;
    int height;
    int frowstep;
    int drowstep;
    int fstripestep;
    int dstripestep;
    jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
    jpc_fix_t *dstripestart;
    jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;
    jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart;
    jpc_fix_t *dp;
    jpc_fix_t *fp;
int k;

    *nmsedec = 0;
    width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
    height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
    frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
    drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
    fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
    dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

    one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

    fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
    dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
    for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
      dstripestart += dstripestep) {
        fvscanstart = fstripestart;
        dvscanstart = dstripestart;
        vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
        for (j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {
            fp = fvscanstart;
            dp = dvscanstart;
            k = vscanlen;

            refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
              mqenc, vcausalflag);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;
            refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
              mqenc, 0);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;
            refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
              mqenc, 0);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;
            refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
              mqenc, 0);

        }
    }

    if (term) {
        jpc_mqenc_flush(mqenc, term - 1);
    }

    return jpc_mqenc_error(mqenc) ? (-1) : 0;
}

#define rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec, out, vcausalflag) \
{ \
    jpc_fix_t d; \
    jpc_fix_t v; \
    if (((*(fp)) & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT)) == JPC_SIG) { \
        d = *(dp); \
        *(nmsedec) += JPC_GETREFNMSEDEC(abs(d), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
        v = (abs(d) & (one)) ? 1 : 0; \
        if (jpc_bitstream_putbit((out), v) == EOF) { \
            return -1; \
        } \
        *(fp) |= JPC_REFINE; \
    } \
}

static int jpc_encrawrefpass(jpc_bitstream_t *out, int bitpos, int vcausalflag, jas_matrix_t *flags,
  jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec)
{
    int i;
    int j;
    int k;
    int one;
    int vscanlen;
    int width;
    int height;
    int frowstep;
    int drowstep;
    int fstripestep;
    int dstripestep;
    jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
    jpc_fix_t *dstripestart;
    jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;
    jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart;
    jpc_fix_t *dp;
    jpc_fix_t *fp;

    *nmsedec = 0;
    width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
    height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
    frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
    drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
    fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
    dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

    one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

    fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
    dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
    for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
      dstripestart += dstripestep) {
        fvscanstart = fstripestart;
        dvscanstart = dstripestart;
        vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
        for (j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {
            fp = fvscanstart;
            dp = dvscanstart;
            k = vscanlen;

            rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
              out, vcausalflag);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;
            rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
              out, vcausalflag);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;
            rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
              out, vcausalflag);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;
            rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
              out, vcausalflag);

        }
    }

    if (term) {
        jpc_bitstream_outalign(out, 0x2a);
    }

    return 0;
}

/******************************************************************************\
* Code for cleanup pass.
\******************************************************************************/

#define clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one, orient, nmsedec, mqenc, label1, label2, vcausalflag) \
{ \
    int f; \
    int v; \
label1 \
    f = *(fp); \
    if (!(f & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT))) { \
        jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_GETZCCTXNO(f, (orient))); \
        v = (abs(*(dp)) & (one)) ? 1 : 0; \
        jpc_mqenc_putbit((mqenc), v); \
        if (v) { \
label2 \
            f = *(fp); \
            /* Coefficient is significant. */ \
            *(nmsedec) += JPC_GETSIGNMSEDEC(abs(*(dp)), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
            jpc_mqenc_setcurctx((mqenc), JPC_GETSCCTXNO(f)); \
            v = ((*(dp) < 0) ? 1 : 0); \
            jpc_mqenc_putbit((mqenc), v ^ JPC_GETSPB(f)); \
            JPC_UPDATEFLAGS4((fp), (frowstep), v, vcausalflag); \
            *(fp) |= JPC_SIG; \
        } \
    } \
    *(fp) &= ~JPC_VISIT; \
}

static int jpc_encclnpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, int orient, int vcausalflag, int segsymflag, jas_matrix_t *flags,
  jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec)
{
    int i;
    int j;
    int k;
    int vscanlen;
    int v;
    int runlen;
    jpc_fix_t *fp;
    int width;
    int height;
    jpc_fix_t *dp;
    int one;
    int frowstep;
    int drowstep;
    int fstripestep;
    int dstripestep;
    jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
    jpc_fix_t *dstripestart;
    jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;
    jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart;

    *nmsedec = 0;
    width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
    height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
    frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
    drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
    fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
    dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

    one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

    fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
    dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
    for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
      dstripestart += dstripestep) {
        fvscanstart = fstripestart;
        dvscanstart = dstripestart;
        vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
        for (j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {

            fp = fvscanstart;
            if (vscanlen >= 4 && !((*fp) & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT |
              JPC_OTHSIGMSK)) && (fp += frowstep, !((*fp) & (JPC_SIG |
              JPC_VISIT | JPC_OTHSIGMSK))) && (fp += frowstep, !((*fp) &
              (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT | JPC_OTHSIGMSK))) && (fp += frowstep,
              !((*fp) & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT | JPC_OTHSIGMSK)))) {
                dp = dvscanstart;
                for (k = 0; k < vscanlen; ++k) {
                    v = (abs(*dp) & one) ? 1 : 0;
                    if (v) {
                        break;
                    }
                    dp += drowstep;
                }
                runlen = k;
                if (runlen >= 4) {
                    jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_AGGCTXNO);
                    jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, 0);
                    continue;
                }
                jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_AGGCTXNO);
                jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, 1);
                jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_UCTXNO);
                jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, runlen >> 1);
                jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, runlen & 1);
                fp = fvscanstart + frowstep * runlen;
                dp = dvscanstart + drowstep * runlen;
                k = vscanlen - runlen;
                switch (runlen) {
                case 0:
                    goto clnpass_partial0;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    goto clnpass_partial1;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    goto clnpass_partial2;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    goto clnpass_partial3;
                    break;
                }
            } else {
                runlen = 0;
                fp = fvscanstart;
                dp = dvscanstart;
                k = vscanlen;
                goto clnpass_full0;
            }
            clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
              orient, nmsedec, mqenc, clnpass_full0:, clnpass_partial0:, vcausalflag);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;
            clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
                orient, nmsedec, mqenc, ;, clnpass_partial1:, 0);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;
            clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
                orient, nmsedec, mqenc, ;, clnpass_partial2:, 0);
            if (--k <= 0) {
                continue;
            }
            fp += frowstep;
            dp += drowstep;
            clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
                orient, nmsedec, mqenc, ;, clnpass_partial3:, 0);
        }
    }

    if (segsymflag) {
        jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_UCTXNO);
        jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, 1);
        jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, 0);
        jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, 1);
        jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, 0);
    }

    if (term) {
        jpc_mqenc_flush(mqenc, term - 1);
    }

    return jpc_mqenc_error(mqenc) ? (-1) : 0;
}
